高中英语语法宾语从句讲解

2017-02-21 │ 初中英语

篇一:高中宾语从句精讲及练习(含答案)

宾语从句

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。

1.宾语从句的定义

宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语:

I heard that he would come here later on.

主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语

作介词的宾语:

He said nothing about who broke the window last night.

主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语

2.宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:

连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if

代词:who, whose, what ,which

副词:when ,where, how, why 等。

① 连词: He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

Attention:宾语从句的否定转移

当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否

定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

主句的谓语动词是

think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?

我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?

我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是? 当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?

练习题

(1).I don’t think he is right,__________?

A.isn’t he B.is he C.do I D.don’t I

(2). He believes she is right, __________?

A.doesn’t he B.does he C.is she D.isn’t she

(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,__________?

A.didn’t he B.did he C.did I D.didn’t I

(4). I find _____ important that we practice English every day.

A. it B. this C. that D. what

(5). You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

在以下情况中that不能省略

1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。

I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.

2、 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。

I can’t tell him that his mother died.

4、当it作形式宾语时

例句:She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.

许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。

5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win,I believe.

6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;

由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:

I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:

①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if?or not也可以使用)。如:

Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。

②在介词之后用whether。如:

I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

③在不定式前用whether。如:

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:

Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:

Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:

Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:

b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我

只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

1、 if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”

The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

2、 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

3、 引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时

He talks as if he has known all about it.

连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 ②连接代词:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么?

The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?

③连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

练习题

(1) I don’t know ___________or not.

A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home

C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home

(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.

A. which B. whether C. if D. that

(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.

A. which B. where C. if D. that

(4) I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.

A. why B. when C. how D. where

(5) --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said? David? --- Yes, Mum

A. what B. that C. why D. if

(6) --- Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is?

--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.

A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where

(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know _____.

A. what should I choose B. which I should choose

C. which should I choose D. what I should choose

三.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。

I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 练习题

(1) Did you find out ______?

A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for

C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for

(2) Are you interested in _____?

A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it

(3) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me?

A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players

C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are

(4) --- What did the scientist say?

--- He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day.

A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly

(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ____?

A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank

C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where

(6)She asked Tom ________ with his car?

A. what the matter was B. what the matter is

C. what was the matter D. what is the matter

篇二:高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

1. 语气的定义和种类

(1)语气的定义

语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

(2)语气的种类

A. 陈述语气

表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready.

Did it rain all day yesterday?

What a fine day today!

B. 祈使语气

表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

Be careful.

Don’t forget to close the window.

Open the door, please.

C. 虚拟语气

表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

2. 虚拟语气

一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类:条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如:

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里,油就浮起来。

虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might, could)+动词原形。

如:

If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。(事实是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。)

If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。(事实是:他没来这,他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。)

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should ( would, might, could)+ have +过去分词。

如: She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。

(事实是:当时没有人邀请她,因此,她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。)

If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.

今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。

(事实是:她今天早上叫我了,我没有睡过头。表示感激。)

3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were); should+动词原形;were to+动词原形,主句用should (would, might, could)+动词原形。

如: If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁,我就会学法语。

(事实是:我现在已经老了,明年我学不了法语了。)

If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了,我会再试一次。

(事实是:有可能失败,可我会再试。表示未知。)

虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”,而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。如: If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.

假如我们赶上早班火车,到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望)

If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.

假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站等一小时。(表不希望)

4. 混合型的条件句

当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为),而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。

He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.

假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.

假如你接受了我的意见,你现在就会好得多。

如条件从句用if I were...,主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。

如: If I were not busy, I would have come.

假如我不忙,我就会去了。(were表过去)

If I were you, I would go.

假如我是你,我会去的。(were表现在)

二. 连词if的省略(倒装)

如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语。

Had you not helped me, I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助,我就失败了。

Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位,你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.

假如他们进攻我们,我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。

例:1. _________ he would have succeeded in the examination.

A. Had he worked hard

B. If he worked hard

C. If he works hard

D. If he has worked hard

2. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

A. Should B. Be C. WereD. Will

3. _______, he would teach us how to solve the problem.

A. Were he here B. Was he here

C. If he isD. Is he here

4. _________, we should be glad.

A. Were they to arrive tomorrow

B. They were to arrive tomorrow

C. They would arrive tomorrow

D. They arrive tomorrow

5. _______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.

A .Were it not forB. If it had not been for

C. If it were not D. Had it not been for

答案:1—5 AAAAA

三. 含蓄条件句

虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。

1) 条件暗含在短语中。

如: But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.

如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help)What would I have done without you? 如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)

It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。

(条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中)

This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster.

同样的事,如发生在战时,就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中)

He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马,否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人,他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)

2) 条件暗含在上下文中。

如: You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)

Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含 if you should accept it)

3) 在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。

如: You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

I would like to come. 我愿意来。

四. 不用if引导的条件从句

虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外,还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。

如: The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed.

农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。

Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning.

我怕你没有听全,所以我再从头开始讲一遍。

Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at school. 除非我好了,否则我不会上学。

Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept?

假如给你一个到美国学习的机会,你会接受吗?(suppose 或 supposing =what if)Supposing it were so?(=Supposing it were so,what would happen?)

要是这样的话,会怎么样呢?

He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.

如果明天能还回来,他就可以借用这辆自行车。

In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了,请提醒我的诺言。Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢,就像是累了似的。

与if一样,上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气,表可能实现或发生的事。虚拟语气补充讲解(第二课时)

虚拟语气除主要用于条件句(也就是状语从句)外,还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。

1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用

“常用在It is (was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词,本身并无实义,这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。

It's important that we(should)work out a plan. (带有“要求”的含义)

It's better that he go at once. (带有“建议”的意思)

☆ 用于本句型的形容词并不多,常见形容词有:necessary,important,best, right, impossible,preferable,desirable, imperative, advisable,essential,reserved,urgent, 等。It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.

It's strange that he should say so.

I was glad that he should go.

It is important that we should speak politely.

It is a pity that she should fare so badly.

It's right that you should think that way.

☆用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词,如suggested,settled, required,requested,demanded,urged,decided, proposed,ordered,desired,advised等。It is requested that Professor Liu(should)give us a lecture.

It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.

I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.

It has been suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.有人建议推迟会议。It is settled that you leave us, then?

注意:这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气,如:It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明,这是很重要的。 句型总结

It is necessary that…

It is important that…

It is natural that…

It is strange that…

It is surprising that…

It is impossible that…

It is great pity that…

It will be better that…

It is suggested that…

It is ordered that….

It is demanded that…

2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

1). 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后,其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气,作为suggest,request,demand,urge,propose,prefer,advise,insist,require,order,command,maintain,ask,object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。如:

The doctor suggested that he not go there.医生建议他不要去那里。

He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。

The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。

例:1. The teacher insisted that every student _______ every other line.

A. writesB. writeC. would write D. wrote

2. Jack’s father insists ______ in this hotel.

A. not stayingB not to stay

C. that he not stay D. staying not

3. They insisted that you _______ them a quick answer.

A. should give B. gave

C. must give D. would give

4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules.

A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey

答案:1—4 BCAB

注:1)、suggest 为“建议去做…; 命令…”从句用should + do

为“ 说明; 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.

2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.

3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.

4. They suggested that these books ______ at once.

A. should take away

B. would be taken away

C. be taken away

D. take away

5. I suggested a meeting _______ to discuss the matter.

A. will be heldB. would be held

C. should holdD. be held

6. His silence at the meeting suggested ________ to your plan.

A. didn’t agreeB. hadn’t agreed

C. wouldn’t agree D. shouldn’t agree

答案:4—6 CDA

2)、insist “坚持要去做…,坚持应该去做”,从句用should + do

为“坚持表明,坚持说/解释”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

1. She insisted that she ______ ill of him behind him, but he didn’t believe.

篇三:高中英语语法解析---名词性从句

高中英语语法解析---名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一. 主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

引导主语从句的连词有:that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose

1.常规主语从句,既复合句在句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句

(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.

(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

(3)Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.

(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.

(5)What caused the accident remains is unknown.

(6)What we need is time.

(7)Whose watch was lost is unknown.

(8)Whatever you did is right.

注:连词位于句首不能省略

2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较(为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末)

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。

c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)

3. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is + 名词 + 从句

It is a fact that ? 事实是?

It is an honor that ?非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that ?是常识

(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句

It is natural that?很自然?

It is strange that?奇怪的是?

(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句

It seems that? ☆ 似乎?

It happened that? ☆碰巧?

It appears that? ☆似乎?

(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句

It is reported that? 据报道?

It has been proved that?已证实?

It is said that? 据说?

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:

(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)It is said /reported?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

(3)It happens/occurs?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether ?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

a) What you said yesterday is right.

b) That she is still alive is a consolation

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句, 例如:

I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略:

①that从句位于句首时,that不可省略:

That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

②that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。

I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.我曾许诺如果有人把我放了,我就让他成为全世界的国王。

③当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。

Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.亚伯拉罕?林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。

④that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略:

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。

⑤主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。

When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.然而当他到英国时,他发现他的英语很有限。

⑥当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。(只有第一个可省略)

Then he said (that) French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.他说,法语是世界上最美的语言,我们必须坚持说法语,永远也不要忘记它。

⑦宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。

I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。 ⑧宾语从句的主语是this/that,或用this/that修饰主语时。

He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好主意。

⑨在直接引语中,主句和宾语从句被隔开时。

“I';m sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn';t watch carefully enough what I did.”

我很遗憾的告诉大家,你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。

⑩宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。

The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。

(2)从属连词if/whether。连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,不可省。if引导宾语从句。

㈠宾语从句是肯定句时,whether,if可互换;但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用,宾语从句是否定句时,一般用if引导。如:

I don';t know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。

I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。

I don';t care if it doesn';t rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。

㈡用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较:

Please let me know if you want to go.

Please let me know whether you want to go.

if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。

㈢作介词宾语时,只能用whether,不能用if。(介词常可省略)如:

Everything depends (on) whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词 where, when, how, why。

如:

Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。

I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

有关宾语从句的其它一些要点

Ⅰ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。如:

Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗?

Ⅲ.如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句后置。其句型为:“主语+谓语+it+补足语+宾语从句”。如: We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language.我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。

注意:(1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。

如:

He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生,只不过有点粗心。

See to it that children don';t catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。 (2)that引导表语从句时,在句中无词义,只起连接作用,但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。

Ⅳ.宾语从句的否定转移。在think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:

I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。

I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?

Ⅴ.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,连词that可省略。That 引导的从句还常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:Anxious, aware, confident, convinced, determined, proud, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。如:

I am not sure what I ought to do.

我不能确定我该做什么。

I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.

恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.

我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

Ⅵ.有关that的忌讳:

①后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

②不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

介词宾语从句

Ⅰ.宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。有时介词可以省略。如:

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。

I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。

Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。

Ⅱ.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except, but, in,besides后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:

He is a good student except that he is careless.(that一般不省)

他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。

介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:

Are you sorry for what you’ve done?

你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?

介词宾语只能用whether,不能用if。(介词常可省略)

Everything depends (on) whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。

补充:"if"、"whether"在名词性从句中的使用

介词的宾语从句,不定式作宾语,都可用whether引导。whether也可引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,这时却不能换成if。引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用 whether。

不用if,用whether的情况:

?在标语从句和同位语从句中。例如:

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.

?在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用 whether。例如:

whether we shall attend the meeting hasn,t been decided yet.

It hasn,t been decided whether(if) we shall attend the meeting .

?后面直接跟动词不定式。例如:

He doesn,t know whether to stay or not .

还有关联词只能用whether 或if,不能用 that的情况如下:

若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时,主语为肯定句用wether或if,主句为否定句或疑问句用that。例如:

I doubt whether he will come soon.

I do not doubt that he will come soon.

Do you doubt that he will come soon?

注意:下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为 .....不必可能”。I doubt that he will come.(我认为他不可能来)

注:whatever可以引导名词性从句,同时起先行词和关系代词的作用。相当于anything that或all that,有任何一切这类意思。此时不能用no matter what替换。

.

三、表语从句

表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语

系动词有:be, keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn,

高中英语语法宾语从句讲解

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