虚拟语气语法讲解

2017-12-25 │ 高中英语

篇一：高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

1. 语气的定义和种类（1）语气的定义

语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。（2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气

表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

We are not ready.

Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气

表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful.

Don’t forget to close the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气

表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

2. 虚拟语气

（1）辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us. If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time. （2）虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表

（3）混合时间的虚拟语气

如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today. 2. If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now. 3. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.

4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.

5. If he had listened to me, he ______ be in such trouble now. A. haven’t C. had not 答案：5. B

（4）should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”

needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”

1. Wang Fang _______ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldn’t take the examinations because of a sudden illness.

A. could go

B did go

D. must have gone

B. would not D. would haven’t

C. could have gone

2. The plant is dead. I _______ it more water. A. will give

B. would have gone

C. must giveD. should have gone

3. I could have done better if I ________ more time. A. have had C. had had

B. had

D. will have had

4. He ______ told you that. A. needs not have C. needn’t has

B. needn’t have D. will have had

5. You ________ it to your father. Why not？ A. would tell

B. should tell D. should have told

C. would have told

6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you ______ us know. A. shall have let C. have had let 答案： 1—6 CDCBDD

（5）虚拟语气中的倒装句

如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. Were I you, I would do more practice after class. Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so. 1. _________ he would have succeeded in the examination. A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hard C. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard

2. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. A. Should

B. Be

C. Were

D. Will

B. had let D. should have let

3. _______, he would teach us how to solve the problem. A. Were he here

B. Was he here

C. If he isD. Is he here

4. _________, we should be glad. A. Were they to arrive tomorrow B. They were to arrive tomorrow C. They would arrive tomorrow D. They arrive tomorrow

5. _______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A .Were it not for C. If it were not 答案：

1—5 AAAAA

（6）wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了；悔不该…；但愿…。”

1. I wish I knew the key to the answer. 2. I wish I were ten years younger.

3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week. 4. I wish that you had been here yesterday. 5. He wishes that we would visit the old school.

B. If it had not been for D. Had it not been for

6. How I wish these boys would be quiet. 7. I wish I _______ you yesterday. A. saw

B. did see

C. had seen

D. were to see

8. —Have you visited the Science Museum? —No, but I really wish I _______. A. will

B. have

C. did

D. had

9. I wish that the rain ______ stop. A. will 答案： 7—9 CDB

（7）表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。

1. The teacher insisted that every student _______ every other line. A. writes

B. write

C. would write

D. wrote

B. would

C may

D. can

2. Jack’s father insists ______ in this hotel. A. not staying C. that he not stay

B not to stay D. staying not

3. They insisted that you _______ them a quick answer. A. should give C. must give

B. gave D. would give

4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules. A. obeys 答案： 1—4 BCAB

（8）suggest 为“建议去做…; 命令…”从句用should + do 为“ 说明；暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day. 2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold. 3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.

B. obey

C. will obey

D. would obey

篇二：高中英语语法讲解虚拟语气

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

1. 语气的定义和种类（1）语气的定义

语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。（2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气

表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

We are not ready.

Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气

表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful.

Don’t forget to close the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气

表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

2. 虚拟语气

（1）辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

（3）混合时间的虚拟语气

如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today. 2. If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now. 3. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.

4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.

5. If he had listened to me, he ______ be in such trouble now. A. haven’t C. had not 答案：5. B

（4）should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”

needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”

1. Wang Fang _______ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldn’t take the examinations because of a sudden illness.

A. could go

B did go

D. must have gone

B. would not D. would haven’t

C. could have gone

2. The plant is dead. I _______ it more water. A. will give

B. would have gone

C. must giveD. should have gone

3. I could have done better if I ________ more time. A. have had C. had had

B. had

D. will have had

4. He ______ told you that. A. needs not have C. needn’t has

B. needn’t have D. will have had

5. You ________ it to your father. Why not？ A. would tell

B. should tell D. should have told

C. would have told

6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you ______ us know. A. shall have let C. have had let 答案： 1—6 CDCBDD

（5）虚拟语气中的倒装句

如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。

2. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. A. Should

B. Be

C. Were

D. Will

B. had let D. should have let

3. _______, he would teach us how to solve the problem. A. Were he here

B. Was he here

C. If he isD. Is he here

4. _________, we should be glad. A. Were they to arrive tomorrow B. They were to arrive tomorrow C. They would arrive tomorrow D. They arrive tomorrow

5. _______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A .Were it not for C. If it were not 答案：

1—5 AAAAA

（6）wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了；悔不该…；但愿…。”

1. I wish I knew the key to the answer. 2. I wish I were ten years younger.

3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week. 4. I wish that you had been here yesterday. 5. He wishes that we would visit the old school.

B. If it had not been for D. Had it not been for

6. How I wish these boys would be quiet. 7. I wish I _______ you yesterday. A. saw

B. did see

C. had seen

D. were to see

8. —Have you visited the Science Museum? —No, but I really wish I _______. A. will

B. have

C. did

D. had

9. I wish that the rain ______ stop. A. will 答案： 7—9 CDB

1. The teacher insisted that every student _______ every other line. A. writes

B. write

C. would write

D. wrote

B. would

C may

D. can

2. Jack’s father insists ______ in this hotel. A. not staying C. that he not stay

B not to stay D. staying not

3. They insisted that you _______ them a quick answer. A. should give C. must give

B. gave D. would give

4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules. A. obeys 答案： 1—4 BCAB

（8）suggest 为“建议去做…; 命令…”从句用should + do 为“ 说明；暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

B. obey C. will obey D. would obey

篇三：高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

虚拟语气

一．语气的定义和种类

1. 语气的定义

语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2. 语气的种类

A. 陈述语气

表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。 We are not ready.

Did it rain all day yesterday?

What a fine day today！

B. 祈使语气

表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

Open the door, please.

Don’t forget to close the window.

C. 虚拟语气

表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

二．虚拟语气

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气

if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us. （Probably he has time and will go with us.） If he had time, he would go with us. （But in fact he has no time.）

①If he had time now, he would go with you.( 与______事实相反)

②If he were not busy now, he would go with you. ( 与______事实相反)

③If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the famous singer. (与______事实相反)

④If it were to snow/should snow/ snowed this evening, they would not go out.

(与______事实相反)

练习：

与现在事实相反的句子

①If you_______ here, you__________ the famous star.如果你在这里，你就会见到这位明星。 ②If I ________ the place, I would lead you there. 如果我知道这个地方，我会带你去的。与过去事实相反

①If he________ about computers, we____________ him to work here.如果他学过电脑，我们

就可能?a href="http://www.850500.com/zhaoshangjiameng/" target="_blank" class="keylink">加盟?/p>

②If I ________ time., I____________ to the party with you. 如果我有时间，我就和你一起去参加聚会了。

③If we_________ ten minutes earlier, we_____________ the bus.如果我们早到十分钟，我们就不会错过火车了。

与将来事实相反

①If you___________ him to come here tomorrow, I ________ also come. 如果你邀请他明天来这儿，我或许也会来。

②If it __________tomorrow, the crops ___________. 如果明天下雨，庄稼就会得救了。 ③If you__________ tomorrow, you ____________ the general manager. 如果你们明天过来，你们就能见到经理。

2.错综时间的虚拟语气（或混合虚拟语气）

若条件从句与主句中的时间不一致，则根据各自的时间状语分别使用相应的谓语动词形式。

①If I had followed the doctor’s advice, I would be quite all right now.（条件句说明过去的情况，主句中说明现在的情况）

②If I were you, I would have taken his advice.( 条件句说明________的情况，主句中说明_______的情况)

③If I _________(take) an umbrella with me this morning, I would not be wet now. ( 条件句说明________的情况，主句中说明_______的情况)

④If it__________(rain) last night, it ___________(be)very cold today. ( 条件句说明________的情况，主句中说明_______的情况)

⑤If he had listened to me, he ______ （not, be）in such trouble now.

⑥If he ______________(telephone) me last night, I would see him now.

⑦If China ___________(not, liberate), the working people would still be leading a miserable life.

3. 虚拟条件句中的省略倒装

若if条件句中含有were, had(助动词), should，可将if省去，将were, had, should提到主语之前。

①If you had invited us, we would have come to your party.

== Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.

②If I were you, I would do more practice after class.

== Were I you, I would do more practice after class.

③If there should be an earthquake, what would you do?

== Should there be an earthquake, what would you do?

练习：

(1)将下列句子改成倒装句

①If he had worked harder, he would have succeeded in the examination.

②If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

③If they were to arrive tomorrow, we should be glad.

④If it were not for the cloud, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.

⑤If I had not followed his advice then, I would not have done the job so well.

(2) 用所给词的正确形式填空

①_______ it rain next week, we would put off the sports meeting off.

②Had we________(know) each other earlier, I would have helped you to set up the company.

4.含蓄虚拟语气

有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表达，而是用一些词(如without，with，but for, otherwise, or, but) 或通过上下文来说明，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。（虚拟主句）

①Without music, the world would be very dull.

②But for your help, I wouldn’t have made such great progress.

③We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we should have been late.

练习：

①We___________(put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

②I____________(go) through that bitter period without your generous help.没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。

③I’m really very busy, otherwise I _________(go) there with you. 我真的很忙，否则我会和你一起去的。

*④三．虚拟语气的其他用法

1.would rather + 宾语从句

①I would rather you ______ (come) here tomorrow.

②I would rather you_______(tell) the truth. 我宁愿你没有告诉我真相。

①I wish (that) he __________(visit) us tomorrow.

②I wish I _____(know) the answer.我希望我知道答案。

③I wish I _____(be) ten years younger.

④I wish that I ______(go) to the football match last week.

⑤I wish that you_________(be)here yesterday.

⑥I wish I _______ (see)you yesterday.

3.if only引导的虚拟条件句 (要是?就好了，但愿)

① If only I _______ a bird.

② If only I _________(listen)to you.要是我听了你的话就好了。

③ If only he_________(come)with us. 要是他明天会/能和我们一起走该多好。

4. it is (high/about) time that+主语+过去式/ should+动词原形

“(早)该做某事了”

e.g.It is time that I went to school.

It is high/ about time that I should go to school.

①It is high time that we______(have)supper.

②It is time that measures __________(take)to stop pollution.

③It is about time that you _________(get) the car repaired.

*** it is time for sb to do sth

注意：如果表示确有可能发生，则不用虚拟语气。

①He walks as if he were drunk. (事实上他并没有醉)

②He walks as if he is drunk. (事实是他很有可能醉了)

③After I introduced them to each other, they began to talk warmly as if they

___________ (know) each other for long.

④It is so cloudy. It looks as though it_________(rain).

⑤He talks as if he_________(be) to many places in the world.

⑥It looked as if she _________(see) a ghost.

6.表示命令或建议的动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command等后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形，should可以省略

e.g.The guard at the gate suggested that everybody _______ （obey）the rules.

注意：（1）suggest 意义为“建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气should + do

意义为“ 说明; 暗示”时, 从句不用虚拟语气。

（2）insist意义为“坚持要求”，从句用should + do

意义为“坚持说/解释，坚持表明”时，从句不用虚拟语气。

① They suggested that these books ______ at once.

A. should take awayB. would be taken away C. be taken away D. take away

② I suggested a meeting _______ to discuss the matter.

A. will be held B. would be held C. should holdD. be held

③ His silence at the meeting suggested ________ to your plan.

A. didn’t agree B. hadn’t agreedC. wouldn’t agree D. shouldn’t agree

④She insisted that she ______ ill of him behind him, but he didn’t believe.

A. hadn’t spoken B. shouldn’t speakC. wouldn’t speak D. not speak

⑤He insisted that we ______ the boy to hospital.

A. take B. tookC. would take D. will take

⑥ He insisted that he _______ our car.

A. should steal B. would steal

C. hadn’t stolen D. steal

7.虚拟语气也用于主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，表示“命令、要求、请求、建议、决定”等，（ suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等）从句中的谓语动词用should +动词原型，should 可以省略。

①It is requested that we (should) start at five tomorrow morning.（主语从句）

②His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question again. （表语从句）

③The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students (should) be given two weeks to prepare for the exam. （同位语从句）

8.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词用should + 动词原型，或should 省略。

It is/was a pity/ a shame that + 主语+ should do

It is/was strange/necessary/impossible/essential/vital/surprising…that+ 主语+ should do

1. It is really surprising that the girl _______ so early.

A. has marriedB. had married

C. marry D. will marry

2. It is necessary that you ______ present at the discussion.

A. will be B. are

C. should beD. be

虚拟语气语法讲解

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