高中英语语法复习:名词性从句

篇一：高中英语复习语法专练--名词性从句

第十二章名词性从句

17. 名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

whose, which.

连接副词：when, where, how, why

不可省略的连词：

1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：

1. whether引导主语从句并在句首

2. 引导表语从句

3. whether从句作介词宾语

4. 从句后有"or not"

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go.

It is still unknown which team will win the match.

17.2 名词性that-从句

1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：

主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。

宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.

2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that… 有必要……

It is important that… 重要的是……

It is obvious that… 很明显……

b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that… 人们相信……

It is known to all that…从所周知……

It has been decided that…已决定……

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常识

It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that… 事实是……

d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that…似乎……

It happens that…碰巧……

It occurred to me that…我突然想起……

17.3 名词性wh-从句

1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：

主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。

直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。

间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.

表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。

宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位语： I have no idea when he will return.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.

那取决于我们去哪儿。

2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：

It is not yet decided who will do that job.

还没决定谁做这项工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。

17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句

1）yes-no型疑问从句

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：

主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。

形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2）选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。

17.5 否定转移

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。

I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。

注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

It doesn't seem that they know where to go.

看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.

看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。

I don't remember having ever seen such a man.

我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)

It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.

在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。

(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)

4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。

She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。

( )1.Father made a promise _____ he would buy me a ten speed bicycle as a birthday present.

A. which B. when C. that D. how

( )2.She asked the young man_____.

A. what’s wrong with him B. what was wrong with him C. what’s trouble D. how was he

( )3.Can you tell me _____the post office?

A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to

( )4.The question is _____it is worth doing.

A. howB. whether C. that D. what

( )5.It is known to all _____the sun rises in the east.

A. what B. whichC. thatD. when

( )6._____you have done might do harm to him.

A. That B. What C. WhichD. This

( )7.Go and get your coat. It’s _____you left it.

A. thereB. where C. there where D. where there

( )8.Do you know_____?

A. who is she B. what she isC. whom she is D. what is she

( )9._____mathematics is the base of all other sciences.

A. This is becauseB. This is thatC. It is thatD. Because

( )10. I don’t know_____.

A. How old is he B. he is how oldC. how old he isD. is he how old

( )11.It was under the dark _____Fred found the watch.

A. whereB. thatC. which D. there

( )12.The suggestion _____we should make a bicycle trip to collect money for the disabled is worth considering.

A. which B. that C. whatD. in which

( )13.The important thing is _____improve our English.

A. how we can B. how can we C. what we can D. what can we

( )14.We must do _____to help him.

A. that we can B. which we can C. what we can D. those we can

( )15.Our home town is no longer _____.

A. what it is B. which it was C that it used to be D. what it used to be

( )16.The method _____you solved the problem is good.

A. with that B. thatC. with which D. which

( )17.It was said _____was how the Chinese first raised silkworms.

A. that B. which C. that that D. of that

( )18._____do you think is right _____difficulties you may have ?

A. What, whateverB. That, that C. Which, whatD. How, whatever

( )19._____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. AnyoneB. The person C. WhereverD. Whoever

( )20._____breaks the law should be punished.

A. The personB. Who C. WhoeverD. Anyone

( )21._____will go makes no difference.

A. WhetherB. WhoC. What D. How

( )22._____she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

A. WhyB. WhoeverC. WhenD. Whether

( )23._____they will start has not been decided yet.

A. WhyB. Whoever C. WhenD. Whether

( )24._____he did that wasn’t quite clear.

篇二：高中英语基础语法复习：名词性从句

语法复习：名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

（一）引导名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

（二）主语从句

1、主语从句在复合句作主语。

e.g. Who will go is not important.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.

3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。

e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

（三）表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

e.g. The question was who could go there.

2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.

（四）宾语从句

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.

2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。 e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..

I’m interested in what you’ve said.

3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）

③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。 e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.

I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.

④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.

They don’t know whether to go there.

Please come to see me if you have time.

（五）同位语从句

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

练习：名词性从句

一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：

1. China is no longer what it used to be.

2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.

3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.

4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.

5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.

6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.

7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.

8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.

9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?

10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.

二、用适当的连词填空：

1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.

2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.

3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.

4. ____________ we need is more time.

5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.

6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.

7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.

8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?

9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?

10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.

三、选择填空：

1. Do you see _____ I mean?

A. that B./ C. how D. what

2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.

A. thatB. whatC. which D. why

3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.

A. whatB. thatC. / D. how

4. Let me see _____.

A. that can I repair the radio B. whether -I can repair the radio

C. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio

5. Keep in mind _____.

A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher say

C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said

6. Could you advise me _____?

A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first

C. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first

7. He was criticized for _____.

A. he had done it B. what he had doneC. what had he done

8. Would you kindly tell me _____?

A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station

B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station

C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station

D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station

9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.

A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China

C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China

10. We took it for granted ___

A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming

C. they were coming notD. were they not coining

11. I really don't know _____

A. I should do next B. what should I do next

C. what I should do nextD. how I should do next

12. I'm afraid _____.

A. the little girl will have to be operated on

B. that will the little girl have to operate on

C. the little girl will have to operate on

D. that will the little girl have to be operated on

13. She walked up to _____ .

A. where did I stand B. where I stood

C. I stood thereD. where I stood there

14. Can you tell me _____?

A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is who

C. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman

15. We'll give you _____.

A. that do you need B. what do you need

D. that he had done it

C. whatever you needD. whether do you need

16. They want us to know _____ to help us.

A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they

17. We must put _____ into practice.

A. what we have learnedB. that we have learned

C. that have we learnedD. what have we learned

18. Did she say anything about _____?

A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done

C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done

19. He was never satisfied with _____.

A. what she had achievedB. had what she achieved

C. she had achieved D. that she achieved

20. These photographs will show you _____.

A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.

A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which

22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.

A. whenB. where C. whyD. that

23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.

A. what you did B. that you had done

C. that what you did D. what did you do

24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.

A. whatB. thatC. which D./

25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.

A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him

C. what do I know of himD. that do I know of him

26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.

A. whomeverB. anyone C. whoever D. someone

27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.

A. WhatB. ThatC. When D. Where

28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.

A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where

29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.

A. if B. that C. what D. when

30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.

A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That

31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.

A. thatB. what C. why D. how

32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.

A. whatB. that C. whyD. where

33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.

A. ThatB. WhenC. What D. Whether

34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.

A. if B. whether C. why D. that

35. It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.

A. if B. whetherC. that D. when

36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.

A. whenB. that C. whyD. where

37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.

A. whenB. why C. where D. that

38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.

A. WhatB. That C. Which D. The things

39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who

40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.

A. WhetherB. If C. Whenever D. That

41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.

A. That B. WhoeverC. Whether D. Whether or not

42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.

A. WhatB. WhetherC. That D. Whatever

43. Has it been announced _____?

A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off

C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off

44. That is _____ we all support his idea.

A. whatB. whyC. where D. when

45. That’s _____ we should do.

A. thatB. whatC. howD. why

46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said

A. What; that; what B. What; what; what

C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which

47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.

A. whenB. whyC. thatD. what

48. That’s _____ I want to say.

A. all what B. whatC. all which D. what that

49. That’s _____ .

A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there

C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie

50. That is _____ .

A. where lived he thereB. where did he live

篇三：高考英语语法复习：名词性从句

高考英语语法复习：名词性从句

高考英语语法复习：名词性从句

一、名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

从属连词that：在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略

从属连词if, whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，有意义，不可以省略 连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：

在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略

连接副词where, when, why, how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略

一、主语从句

１.由从属连词引导的主语从句：

①Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.

那个国家是否应该建立核电站??

②That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播 ２.由连接代词引导的主语从句：

①What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是??

②Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.无论你选哪本书?? ③Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来??

３.由连接副词引导的主语从句：

①When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飞机什么时候起飞??

②Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到过哪儿??

③How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少??

4.关于形式主语

it①It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that? 有必要?? It is important that? 重要的是??

It is obvious that? 很明显??It is likely that?.很可能

②It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that? 人们相信?? It is known to all that?众所周知??

It has been decided that?已决定??

③It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that? ??是常识 It is a surprise that? 令人惊奇的是??

It is a fact that? 事实是?? 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。

④ It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that?似乎?? It happens that?碰巧??

It occurred to me that? 我突然想起?? It doesn’t matter whether he likes or

not.

二、表语从句

可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。

The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking. ??数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病

The question remains whether we can win the game?..我们是否能赢得这次比赛

That’s just what I want. ??我想要的

This is where our problem lies. ??我们的问题所在

The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit??我们如何帮助吸烟的人??

值得注意的是：

1. 表语从句除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if ，as though引导.

Things were not as they seemed.It looks as if it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。

2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The reason why?is that ? (而不用 because)

It ( This, That ) is because?

The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. 他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。

It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.

三、同位语从句

同位语从句一般由 that, whether 等连词引导，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

l. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陆月球??.

2. I have no idea when he will be back. ??什么时候回来

3. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill??Mary也许病了

4. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.??是否同意

四、宾语从句

宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。

1.及物动词后的宾语从句：

She will give whoever needs help a warm support??任何需要帮助的人?? I wonder why she refused my invitation??她为什么拒绝了我的邀请

2.介词后的宾语从句：

I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。

The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老师对他所说的话很满意。

3.某些形容词后的宾语从句：

I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work. 通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步

We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us??.他没有告别就走了

4.非谓语动词后的宾语从句：

Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.

On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”.

5.关于形式宾语it

We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。

I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。

五、名词性从句重难点

1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：

①Can you make sure ____the gold ring ？（MET90）

A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put

②You can't imagine __when they received these nice Christmas presents.（94上海）

A.how they were excited B.how excited they were

C.how excited were they D.they were how excited

2. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。

Do you doubt that he will win ?I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .

He doubt whether I know it .

3. 否定转移问题。

①将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移

I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。

We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?

注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

②将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移

It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

4. 主谓一致问题。

What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world． What I bought were three English books．

5. 语气问题

① 在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构

高中英语语法复习:名词性从句